Cricopharyngeus exercise

For those living with retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD), doing regular exercises to stretch and relax the cricopharyngeus muscle can provide some relief from difficult and uncomfortable swallowing. This muscle is the upper esophageal sphincter which fails to relax properly during swallows for people with R-CPD. Simple daily exercises may help improve its function.

One easy exercise is to apply gentle pressure to the outside of the throat while repeatedly swallowing saliva or taking small sips of water. Using two fingers to massage the cricopharyngeus muscle area up and down during swallows can help relax muscle tension and increase blood flow. This stretching massage should not be forceful enough to cause pain.

Another beneficial exercise is the Shaker maneuver, designed specifically for dysphagia patients. To perform this, lay flat and raise your head off the floor to look at your toes, holding for 2 seconds. Slowly lower back down. Repeat this head raise and lower motion at least 3 times per set, doing several sets per day. This strengthens the swallowing muscles.

Yoga positions that stretch the neck can also be useful, such as gentle neck rotations, lateral flexions side to side, and chin tucks stretching the back of the neck. Applying heat with a microwavable neck wrap or warm towel before doing stretches can relax muscles.

Trying to yawn widely and frequently throughout the day engages some of the same muscle movements as swallowing. Exaggerated yawning may help strengthen and open the problematic sphincter. Just be sure not to overstretch the jaw too aggressively.

While not a formal exercise, practicing proper swallowing techniques when eating and drinking also trains the cricopharyngeus muscle. Taking small sips, chewing thoroughly, tilting the chin down, and consciously controlling swallows can reinforce good mechanics.

Consistency with the exercises helps maximize the muscle relaxation and strength benefits. Targeting the cricopharyngeus area directly aims to improve its function and reduce symptoms of R-CPD. Along with other treatments, a daily exercise regimen can be an effective component of dysphagia management.